close Roll 8 Edward II

1
10 Jul. 1314
Dublin
To the T. and barons of the Ex.

ORDER to supersede until […] demanding an account from Geoffrey Moreton of the murage of the city of Dublin granted to him by the king.

Attested: 
Theobald Verdon, Jcr
C: 

NAI, RC 8/9, p. 483.

The following abbreviations are used within in the text of CIRCLE

  • abp = archbishop [of]
  • BMV = beate Marie Virginis [of the Blessed Virgin Mary]
  • C. = chancellor [plural: chancellors]
  • co. = county (i.e. medieval shire: lower case ‘c’) [plural. cos.]
  • dcd = deceased
  • e. = earl of
  • Edw. = Edward (used when giving dates by regnal year)
  • Eng. = England
  • esq. = esquire [plural: esquires]
  • Ex. = exchequer
  • g.s. = great seal
  • Hen. = Henry
  • Ire. = Ireland
  • Jcr = justiciar [plural: justiciars]
  • JP = justice of the peace
  • K. = king
  • kt = knight
  • Lt = lieutenant
  • O.Carm. = Order of Carmelites
  • O.F.M. =  Order of Friars Minor (Franciscans)
  • O.P. = Order of Preachers (Dominicans)
  • Ric. = Richard (used when giving dates by regnal year)
  • s. = son
  • sen. = seneschal of
  • T. = treasurer [plural: treasurers]
  • w. = wife

This glossary is by no means comprehensive. Readers may also wish to consult standard references books such as Joseph Byrne, Byrne’s dictionary of local Irish History from the earliest times to c.1900 (Cork, 2004); P. G. Osborn, Osborn’s concise law dictionary, ed. Sheila Bone (London, 2001).

Abbreviations

  • AN = Anglo-Norman
  • Ir. = Irish
  • Lat. = Latin
  • ME = Middle English
  • OED = Oxford English Dictionary

 

Term

Explanation

advowson

The right of patronage or presentation to a church benefice.

allocate, writ of

A writ authorizing allowance to be made by the officers of the Ex. of a specified amount: often this amount is to be off-set against the debts owed to the K. by the beneficiary.

alterage

A form of affinity proscribed in late medieval Ireland between the Irish and the English, whereby a man stood sponsor for a child at baptism; (also) gossipred.

assize

Technical term for legal proceedings or various kinds. See mort d’ancestor, novel disseisin.

avener [Lat. avarius]

provider of oats, esp. for the household of the K. or his chief governor

avoirdupois

Miscellaneous merchandise sold by weight.

bonnaght [Ir. buannacht]

The billeting of mercenaries or servants.

cask

See tun.

certiorari, writ of

Letters close issued by the K. to his officers commanding them to supply information to him concerning a specified matter, normally by searching the records.

chattels

Property, goods, money: as opposed to real property (land).

dicker [Lat. dacra]

A measure of 10 hides.

dower

Portion (one third) of a deceased husband’s estate which the law allows to his widow for her life.

escheat

The reversion of land to the lord of the fee to the crown on failure of heirs of the owner or on his outlawry.

extent

A survey and valuation of property, esp. one made by royal inquisition.

falding [Ir. fallaing]

A kind of coarse woollen cloth produced in Ireland; the mantle or cloak made from the same.

fee-farm
 

A fixed annual rent payable to the K. by chartered boroughs.

fotmel [Lat. fotmellum]

A measure of lead.

engrossment

Technical term: the action of writing out, for instance patent letters and charters; (also) the documents thus written out.

enrolment

Technical term: the action of recording in the records of the K., esp. the registering of a deed, memorandum, recognizance; (also) the specific item or record thus enrolled.

hanaper

A repository for the keeping of money. The ‘clerk of the hanaper in chancery’ was the chancery official responsible for the receipt of fines for the issue, engrossment and ensealing of writs, patents and charters issued by the chancery.

herberger [Lat. herbergerius, hospitator]

One sent on before to purvey lodgings for an army, a royal train (OED).

galangal [AN galyngale]

The aromatic rhizome of certain Asian plants of the genera Alpinia and Kaempferia, of the ginger family, used in cookery and herbal medicine; (also) any of these plants (OED).

generosus [Lat.]

Term designating social status: translated as ‘gentleman’.

king's widow [Lat. vidua regis]

The widow of a tenant in chief: so called because whe was not allowed to marry a second time without royal licence.

knights’ fees

Units of assessment of estates in land. Originally a single knight’s fee was the amount of land for which the military service of one knight (=knight service) was required by the crown. ‘Fee’ derives from the Latin feudum, which in other contexts translated as ‘fief’. In practice the descent of landed estates meant that many knights’ fees came to be subdivided and, in the later Middle Ages, personal service was frequently commuted to money payments (=scutage).

liberate, writ of

A chancery writ issued to the treasurer and chamberlains of the Ex. authorizing them to make payment of a specified amount, often the annual fees, wages and rewards of the K.’s officers.

linch [Lat. lincia]

A measure of tin.

livery

The delivery of seisin, or possession, of an estate hitherto held in the K.’s hand, for instance when a minor reaches the age of majority.

mainprize

Legal term: the action of undertaking to stand surety (=‘mainpernor’) for another person; the action of making oneself legally responsible for the fulfilment of a contract or undertaking by another person (OED).

mass [Lat. messa]

A standard measure of metal.

messuage

A portion of land occupied, or intended to be occupied, as the site for a dwelling house; (also) a dwelling house together with outbuildings and the adjacent land assigned to its use (OED).

mort d’ancestor, assize of [Lat. assisa mortis antecessoris]

A legal process to recover land of which the plaintiff’s ancestor (father, mother, uncle, aunt, brother sister, nephew or niece) died seised (=in possession), possession of which was since taken by another person.

nolumus, clause of [Lat. cum clausula nolumus]

A standard clause inserted especially in letters of protection by which pleas and suits are delayed for a specified period of time.

novel disseisin, assize of [Lat. assisa nove disseisine]

A legal process to recover land from which the plaintiff claims to have been dispossessed (=disseised).

pensa See wey.
piece [L. pecia] A standard quantity of merchandise.
pendent seal Seal hanging from engrossed letters patent attached to a tongue or tag of parchment.
perpresture An illegal encroachment upon royal property.
plica A fold along the foot of engrossed letters patent and charters to create a double thickness of parchment, used for attaching the ‘great seal pendent’ to the letters. An incision was made in the plica and through which a tag of parchment was attached. A wax impression of a seal was then affixed to the tag.
protection An act of grace by the K., granted by chancery letters, by which the recipient is to be free from suits at law for a specified term; granted especially to persons crossing overseas or otherwise out of reach of the courts in the K.’s service.
quare impedit, writ of An action brought to recover the advowson of a benefice, brought by the patron against the bishop or other person hindering the presentation.
scutage The commutation of personal military service to the crown for a money payment. Normally called ‘royal service’ in Ireland.
seisin Formal legal possession of land.
sendal [Lat. cendallum; ME cendal] A thin rich silken material (OED).
stallage [Lat. stallagium, estallagium] Payment for a market stall.
tun [Latdolium] A large cask or barrel, esp. of wine.
valettus A term designating social status: translated ‘yeoman’.
Vidua Regis [Lat.] See King's widow.
volumus, clause of [Lat. cum clausula volumus] A standard clause inserted esp. in letters of protection by which pleas and suits are delayed for a specified period of time. In full the clause runs: volumus quod interim sit quietus de omnibus placitis et querelis (=we wish that meanwhile he be quit of all pleas and plaints).
waif A piece of property which is found ownerless and which, if unclaimed within a fixed period after due notice given, falls to the lord.
waivery [AN weiverie] The technical term for proceedings of outlawry in the case of women.
wey [Lat. pensa, peisa, pisa] A standard of dry-goods weight.
worsted [ME wyrstede] A woollen fabric or stuff made from well-twisted yarn spun of long-staple wool combed to lay the fibres parallel (OED).
writ [Lat. brevis] Letters close containing commands by the K. to certain specified persons, esp. royal officers. Returnable writs, which were not normally enrolled in the chancery rolls, were to be returned by the officer to chancery with details of the actions taken by the officer in response to the contents. See also allocate, certiorari, liberate.
2
12 Jul. 1314
Dublin
To the T. of the Ex.

Lately by virtue of letters patent under the English seal directed to the Jcr, C. and T. of Ire., various victuals were purveyed and bought by certain purveyors in various parts of Ire. to be sent to Skymburnasse for our Scottish expedition, some of which were sent and the most part stayed in the hands of the purveyors. And because of the arrival of Edward le Bruys with a great force of Scottish enemies in Ire., the K. called all magnates of Ire. to fight the enemy, but because there is not enough in the treasury for their wages the K. wishes that the victuals thus in the hands of the purveyors be delivered to the clerk of the wages, Nicholas Balscote and to the keepers of stores in various castles in Ire. so that the clerk can deliver the victuals to the Jcr and magnates in recompense for the wages owed to them, and the said keepers can resist the attacks of the enemy on the castles. ORDER, despite previous orders from Eng., to direct a writ of the Ex. to the purveyors commanding them to divide the victuals by the oath of good and lawful men between the clerk of the wages and the keepers of stores in the said castles.

Attested: 
Edmund Butler, Jcr
Authorized: 
By bill of the Jcr.
O: 

NAI, EX 1/2, m. 40d.

T: 

Gilbert, Hist. & mun. docs, pp 327–8.

The following abbreviations are used within in the text of CIRCLE

  • abp = archbishop [of]
  • BMV = beate Marie Virginis [of the Blessed Virgin Mary]
  • C. = chancellor [plural: chancellors]
  • co. = county (i.e. medieval shire: lower case ‘c’) [plural. cos.]
  • dcd = deceased
  • e. = earl of
  • Edw. = Edward (used when giving dates by regnal year)
  • Eng. = England
  • esq. = esquire [plural: esquires]
  • Ex. = exchequer
  • g.s. = great seal
  • Hen. = Henry
  • Ire. = Ireland
  • Jcr = justiciar [plural: justiciars]
  • JP = justice of the peace
  • K. = king
  • kt = knight
  • Lt = lieutenant
  • O.Carm. = Order of Carmelites
  • O.F.M. =  Order of Friars Minor (Franciscans)
  • O.P. = Order of Preachers (Dominicans)
  • Ric. = Richard (used when giving dates by regnal year)
  • s. = son
  • sen. = seneschal of
  • T. = treasurer [plural: treasurers]
  • w. = wife
3
22 Jul. 1314
Drogheda
To the T. and barons of the Ex.

The K. understands by the complaint of master Adam Castro Martini, rector of the church of Adboy, that the T. and barons have caused the said church to be taken into the K.’s hand because of certain debts owed to the K. by Richard Bereford, formerly rector there, namely arrears of his account for the time he was T. of Ire. in the time of Edward I, and caused the fruits and obventions of the church to be exposed for sale by Richard's attorney and by Walter and Hugh Lacy, appointed by the T. and barons, and the money to be collected and received to the K.’s use in exoneration of the debts. The K. further understands by the testimony of Thomas, bp Meath, that Richard, who was in possession as incumbent of the said church was deprived by decree of brother Adam, prior of Dernak, judge delegated by the apostolic see, and removed from possession of the said church and that master Adam, at the presentation of William London, true patron of the said church, was canonically instituted in the same by the said delegate, by virtue of a bull addressed to him, and did not intrude himself by force in any way. ORDER to the T. and barons to desist from
disturbing the said Adam by reason of his entry into the said church and his receiving the fruits and obventions of that church, and to let him go in peace in all things concerning the above in future. ORDER to cause all things done by them against Adam to be revoked without delay and to restore the money taken from him.

Attested: 
Theobald Verdon, Jcr
C: 

NAI, RC 8/9, p. 491.

The following abbreviations are used within in the text of CIRCLE

  • abp = archbishop [of]
  • BMV = beate Marie Virginis [of the Blessed Virgin Mary]
  • C. = chancellor [plural: chancellors]
  • co. = county (i.e. medieval shire: lower case ‘c’) [plural. cos.]
  • dcd = deceased
  • e. = earl of
  • Edw. = Edward (used when giving dates by regnal year)
  • Eng. = England
  • esq. = esquire [plural: esquires]
  • Ex. = exchequer
  • g.s. = great seal
  • Hen. = Henry
  • Ire. = Ireland
  • Jcr = justiciar [plural: justiciars]
  • JP = justice of the peace
  • K. = king
  • kt = knight
  • Lt = lieutenant
  • O.Carm. = Order of Carmelites
  • O.F.M. =  Order of Friars Minor (Franciscans)
  • O.P. = Order of Preachers (Dominicans)
  • Ric. = Richard (used when giving dates by regnal year)
  • s. = son
  • sen. = seneschal of
  • T. = treasurer [plural: treasurers]
  • w. = wife
4
20 Feb. 1315
Dublin
To the T. of the Ex.

WRIT of allocate for John Rathfodan and Philip de la Ryvere, purveyors at Drogheda of wine and grain and other victuals which they bought between 29 May and 5 Nov. 1314 to send to Skynburness for the expedition of the Scottish war, for the following sums: £44 0s. 9d. paid for 253 quarters and one peck of wheat, as contained in their rolls of particulars delivered into the Ex.; £32 15s. 4d. paid for 180 quarters and 5½ bushels of oats; £267 6s 8d paid for 91 tuns of wine; £22 1s. paid for the freighting of various ships, with pilotage, carrying 84 quarters of wheat, 69 tuns of wine to Skynburness; 66s 8d for ullage of the said wine; £16 18s. 9d. paid for hoisting, stillage, stowage, cooperage and porterage of the said wine, and for boards, nails, wood, straw and hay, and for the rent of various houses and cellars for storing the corn and wine in , and other minor necessary expenses relating to the purveyance, with their own expenses and the expenses of a clerk; £10 1s. 4d. paid to Alexander le Convers, K.’s clk for his costs and expenses in going on the K.’s business to the parts of Connacht and Munster; £12 18s. 8d. paid to Alexander le Convers and William Somery, assigned to supervise the purveyance, for their wages and expenses.

Attested: 
Theobald Verdon, Jcr
O: 

NAI, EX 1/2, m. 18d.

T: 

Gilbert, Hist. & mun. docs, pp 330–32.

The following abbreviations are used within in the text of CIRCLE

  • abp = archbishop [of]
  • BMV = beate Marie Virginis [of the Blessed Virgin Mary]
  • C. = chancellor [plural: chancellors]
  • co. = county (i.e. medieval shire: lower case ‘c’) [plural. cos.]
  • dcd = deceased
  • e. = earl of
  • Edw. = Edward (used when giving dates by regnal year)
  • Eng. = England
  • esq. = esquire [plural: esquires]
  • Ex. = exchequer
  • g.s. = great seal
  • Hen. = Henry
  • Ire. = Ireland
  • Jcr = justiciar [plural: justiciars]
  • JP = justice of the peace
  • K. = king
  • kt = knight
  • Lt = lieutenant
  • O.Carm. = Order of Carmelites
  • O.F.M. =  Order of Friars Minor (Franciscans)
  • O.P. = Order of Preachers (Dominicans)
  • Ric. = Richard (used when giving dates by regnal year)
  • s. = son
  • sen. = seneschal of
  • T. = treasurer [plural: treasurers]
  • w. = wife
5
10 Apr. 1315
Dublin
To the T. of the Ex.

WRIT of allocate for John Cartmel and John Ardene, purveyors at Drogheda on both sides of the water, of corn, wine and other victuals to be sent to Skynburness for the provisioning of the castle and town of Carlisle, 21 Nov. 1313 – 24 May 1314, for the following sums: £34 10s. 4d. paid for 180½ crannocks of wheat bought and sent to Skynburness, as contained in their roll of particulars delivered into the Ex.; £3013s. 11½d. paid for 144 crannocks and 4 pecks of oats; £180 paid for 60 tuns of wine; £24 10s. paid for the freighting of various ships, with pilotage, bringing the victuals to Skynburness; 101s. 4d. paid for ullage, hoisting, stowage and stillage of the wine; £19 13s. 1¼d. paid for boards, nails, wood, straw and hay, and in boat hire, porterage, dunnage and cooperage of the said victuals, and for the rent of various houses to store the victuals in and expenses of the purveyors and clerks.

Attested: 
Edmund Butler, Jcr
O: 

NAI, EX 1/2 m. 18d.

T: 

Gilbert, Hist. & mun. docs, pp 329–30.

The following abbreviations are used within in the text of CIRCLE

  • abp = archbishop [of]
  • BMV = beate Marie Virginis [of the Blessed Virgin Mary]
  • C. = chancellor [plural: chancellors]
  • co. = county (i.e. medieval shire: lower case ‘c’) [plural. cos.]
  • dcd = deceased
  • e. = earl of
  • Edw. = Edward (used when giving dates by regnal year)
  • Eng. = England
  • esq. = esquire [plural: esquires]
  • Ex. = exchequer
  • g.s. = great seal
  • Hen. = Henry
  • Ire. = Ireland
  • Jcr = justiciar [plural: justiciars]
  • JP = justice of the peace
  • K. = king
  • kt = knight
  • Lt = lieutenant
  • O.Carm. = Order of Carmelites
  • O.F.M. =  Order of Friars Minor (Franciscans)
  • O.P. = Order of Preachers (Dominicans)
  • Ric. = Richard (used when giving dates by regnal year)
  • s. = son
  • sen. = seneschal of
  • T. = treasurer [plural: treasurers]
  • w. = wife
7
10 Apr. 1315
Drogheda

Whereupon comes one Margery Alvyss, previously wife of William le Lang, and showed the court here that when William le Lange, formerly her husband, feloniously killed David Fotyn, for which felony all the lands and tenements of which William was seised on the day when he committed the felony, were seised into the K.’s hand by the said coroner, and although William le Lange has been a long time dead, yet the said lands and tenements namely six acres as well of arable land as of moor with the appurtenances in Sydan, which are of the inheritance of Margery and which were taken into the K.’s hand by reason of the felony which William committed, still remain in the K.’s hand. Wherefor Margery prays that she may have instant justice and that the said lands and tenements may be delivered to her as her right and inheritance. And because the Jcr here wished to be more fully certified whether William le Lange, husband of Margery, was seised of the lands and tenements aforesaid with the appurtenances in his demesne as of fee the day and year on which he committed the said felony, or whether he held those lands and tenements of the inheritance of Margery his wife, as she asserts, he proceeded to inquire more fully of the truth of all and singular the premises by the underwritten jurors, namely, Richard Bron, Richard Blakister, Audoen Couters, William Balylug, William Colume, William Umfrey, Nicholas Davy, Adam Capel, Henry Johan, Richard le Whyte, John Brecon, Nicholas Fot, Adam Houethe, John Mour and Thomas Radenor, who say that William le Lange was not seised of the said lands and tenements with the appurtenances in Sydan on the day on which he committed the felony, in his demesne as of fee, because they say that the lands and tenements are of the right and inheritance of Margery, as descending to her as her part of the inheritance of Philip Alvyss, her father, as one of the daughters and heiresses of the said Philip. And they say distinctly that William le Lange had no estate in the said lands and tenements on the day and year in which he committed the felony except such as a husband can have in his wife’s inheritance. They also say that William le Lange is long dead. Therefore it is agreed that the C. of Ire. be directed to have the K.’s writ made to Richard Wythye the K.’s coroner of Meath that he remove the K.’s hand from the said lands and tenements and permit Margery to have them and to peacefully enjoy them if by that and not any other occasion they are in the K.’s hand. Saving always the right of the K. in all things, when otherwise he shall will that it be pleaded.
Whereupon comes one Margery Alvyss, previously wife of William le Lang, and showed the court here that when William le Lange, formerly her husband, feloniously killed David Fotyn, for which felony all the lands and tenements of which William was seised on the day when he committed the felony, were seised into the K.’s hand by the said coroner, and although William le Lange has been a long time dead, yet the said lands and tenements namely six acres as well of arable land as of moor with the appurtenances in Sydan, which are of the inheritance of Margery and which were taken into the K.’s hand by reason of the felony which William committed, still remain in the K.’s hand. Wherefor Margery prays that she may have instant justice and that the said lands and tenements may be delivered to her as her right and inheritance. And because the Jcr here wished to be more fully certified whether William le Lange, husband of Margery, was seised of the lands and tenements aforesaid with the appurtenances in his demesne as of fee the day and year on which he committed the said felony, or whether he held those lands and tenements of the inheritance of Margery his wife, as she asserts, he proceeded to inquire more fully of the truth of all and singular the premises by the underwritten jurors, namely, Richard Bron, Richard Blakister, Audoen Couters, William Balylug, William Colume, William Umfrey, Nicholas Davy, Adam Capel, Henry Johan, Richard le Whyte, John Brecon, Nicholas Fot, Adam Houethe, John Mour and Thomas Radenor, who say that William le Lange was not seised of the said lands and tenements with the appurtenances in Sydan on the day on which he committed the felony, in his demesne as of fee, because they say that the lands and tenements are of the right and inheritance of Margery, as descending to her as her part of the inheritance of Philip Alvyss, her father, as one of the daughters and heiresses of the said Philip. And they say distinctly that William le Lange had no estate in the said lands and tenements on the day and year in which he committed the felony except such as a husband can have in his wife’s inheritance. They also say that William le Lange is long dead. Therefore it is agreed that the C. of Ire. be directed to have the K.’s writ made to Richard Wythye the K.’s coroner of Meath that he remove the K.’s hand from the said lands and tenements and permit Margery to have them and to peacefully enjoy them if by that and not any other occasion they are in the K.’s hand. Saving always the right of the K. in all things, when otherwise he shall will that it be pleaded.

T: 

NAI, KB 2/7 p. 29

The following abbreviations are used within in the text of CIRCLE

  • abp = archbishop [of]
  • BMV = beate Marie Virginis [of the Blessed Virgin Mary]
  • C. = chancellor [plural: chancellors]
  • co. = county (i.e. medieval shire: lower case ‘c’) [plural. cos.]
  • dcd = deceased
  • e. = earl of
  • Edw. = Edward (used when giving dates by regnal year)
  • Eng. = England
  • esq. = esquire [plural: esquires]
  • Ex. = exchequer
  • g.s. = great seal
  • Hen. = Henry
  • Ire. = Ireland
  • Jcr = justiciar [plural: justiciars]
  • JP = justice of the peace
  • K. = king
  • kt = knight
  • Lt = lieutenant
  • O.Carm. = Order of Carmelites
  • O.F.M. =  Order of Friars Minor (Franciscans)
  • O.P. = Order of Preachers (Dominicans)
  • Ric. = Richard (used when giving dates by regnal year)
  • s. = son
  • sen. = seneschal of
  • T. = treasurer [plural: treasurers]
  • w. = wife
6
26 May. 1315
Cashel

At the instance of Maurice Rupeforti and for his good service which he has often done and will do in future to the king, Elas Motyng is admitted to make a fine with the K. for pardoning him suit of his peace for the death of Henry le Myneter feloniously killed by Elias by 12m by the pledge of Maurice Rochefort, until Elias shall find other pledges. Of these he shall pay 4m p.a., the one moiety at Michaelmas and the other at Easter, on condition that he stand to the charge, if any be brought against him. And the C. is commanded to cause letters patent to be made for the said pardon of Elias, and that a writ issue to the sheriff of Limerick and the keepers of the pleas of the crown in that county that they without delay remove the K.’s hand from the land and tenements of Elias, which were taken by them into the K.’s hand on the occasion of the said death, if they are in the K.’s hand for that reason and no other.

T: 

NAI, KB 2/7 p. 34.

The following abbreviations are used within in the text of CIRCLE

  • abp = archbishop [of]
  • BMV = beate Marie Virginis [of the Blessed Virgin Mary]
  • C. = chancellor [plural: chancellors]
  • co. = county (i.e. medieval shire: lower case ‘c’) [plural. cos.]
  • dcd = deceased
  • e. = earl of
  • Edw. = Edward (used when giving dates by regnal year)
  • Eng. = England
  • esq. = esquire [plural: esquires]
  • Ex. = exchequer
  • g.s. = great seal
  • Hen. = Henry
  • Ire. = Ireland
  • Jcr = justiciar [plural: justiciars]
  • JP = justice of the peace
  • K. = king
  • kt = knight
  • Lt = lieutenant
  • O.Carm. = Order of Carmelites
  • O.F.M. =  Order of Friars Minor (Franciscans)
  • O.P. = Order of Preachers (Dominicans)
  • Ric. = Richard (used when giving dates by regnal year)
  • s. = son
  • sen. = seneschal of
  • T. = treasurer [plural: treasurers]
  • w. = wife